What is Ontology in Psychology?

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy (love of wisdom) that studies the existence of reality.

Ontology 

The term Ontology is a combination of two Greek words “onto” existence, or being real, “logos” science and study, it studies the nature of reality as physical and mental. Ontology, the theory of being and existence concerned with how things really work? This term is used in both philosophical and non-philosophical contexts. Most classical philosophical problems are the problems of ontology. Problem, whether or not there is a God, or the problem of the existence of universal.

Ontology is the way we understand the world.

It is the way we view the existence of the world that we believe in Idealist, materialist, monist, and dualist. Different ontological positions change the view of the world. Some fundamental questions interpreted in the subject of ontology;

Q: What is a thing and it exists? (Moon, star yes – hulk, unicorn no)

Q: What does mean of existing something?

Q: Into what categories do the existence of things fall? (Material form like: woody, irony – ideal as mind, thinking)

We have different and more perspectives on the existence of things to encode information either material, ideal, sufiest, etc.

Quote of Ontology

Beyond the fiction of reality, there is the reality of the fiction.

Slavoj Zizek

Slavoj Zizek keen interest was in philosophical circles. His interpretation of ontology in language with this quote. The fictions are real – real stories about fictional category. We can say that reality is fictional, but the language itself is the reality of its own. 

Idealism

The term idealism is derived from Greek language, “idealismos” the idea that refers the knowledge and reality of something based on conceptual. Idealism is facet of acquiring knowledge spiritually rather than materially. They believe that reality and existence of something comes first in mind then out of them. Idealist’s subject matter is “mind and soul” rather than “material and body”. 

Materialism

Materialist believes in the knowledge of the physical world and objectivity, like: matter, particles, energy, and chemical processes are more real than the spiritual and ideal world of the human mind. All that are present physically in the form of matter is real. It negates the existence of ghosts and the spiritual world that believe in the idea. Materialist believes that thing comes first then idea. Materialists get to know and accept things that we or they can observe with five senses touch, see, taste, hear and smell. And spiritual beliefs cannot be understood with five senses. 

Monism 

Monism term derived from the Greek “monos” means “single” and “without division”. Monism is the doctrine that denies the distinction of things. It claims that all is one. All thinģs come into existence of one fundamental kind of stuff. Sufists believe in monism that mind and matter are essentially the same. All things are apart from one, nothing is different from the creative perspective. 

Dualism

Dualism is metaphysics that view the reality of the world consists of two substances, reality is not either material or mental. Mind and body are not the same, the body is the materialistic view and the other side mind is an idealistic view.

Theology believes in dualism. In the subject of philosophy, dualism is the theory that the mental and physical – mind and body – mind and brain, are in some sense, radically different kinds of things. Dualism made a distinction between mind and body: minds are things that don’t have solid magnitudes and body have solid magnitudes but not thinks. In the religion Islam, we believe in both the spiritual and material world, as we believe in ALLAH and His creation of Angels (created by light, noor).